That's a fascinating question about the future of manufacturing! In a fully autonomous 'lights-out' factory, human engineers definitely won't become obsolete - their role will just evolve dramatically. Instead of doing routine maintenance or quality checks, engineers will become 'AI supervisors' and strategic thinkers. They'll focus on designing these complex systems, setting ethical boundaries, handling edge cases that AI can't predict, and making high-level strategic decisions about production goals and innovation.
The concern about creating incomprehensible 'black box' systems is very real. To avoid this, we're seeing the rise of 'Explainable AI' (XAI) - AI systems designed to be transparent about how they make decisions. Engineers will need to ensure these systems can explain their reasoning in human-understandable ways. Think of it like this: engineers will become 'translators' between complex AI systems and human understanding, ensuring we maintain oversight and control.
Future engineers will also focus on system resilience - designing factories that can handle unexpected failures, ethical oversight to ensure AI decisions align with human values, and continuous learning to keep these systems improving. The key is designing AI that's a partner, not a replacement, where humans provide the creativity, ethics, and strategic vision that machines can't replicate.